ABSTRACT
The study was aimed to compare various diagnostic modalities in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in dogs. Forty dogs with history of acute onset of vomiting, abdominal pain and anorexia were screened for acute pancreatitis by radiography, abdominal ultrasound and confirmed by SNAP cPL (Canine pancreatic lipase) kit test. Fourteen (0.375 per cent of gastrointestinal cases) dogs found to be positive for acute pancreatitis by abdominal ultrasound were selected and further subjected to radiography to rule out the underlying causes of acute pancreatitis and confirmed by SNAP cPL test. Out of fourteen dogs, four dogs (29 per cent) having specific radiographic changes gas filled intestinal loops with loss of serosal details, SNAP cPL was positive in nine dogs (64 per cent). Abdominal ultrasonography revealed hypoechoic pancreas, hyperechoic surrounding fat saponification, enlarged or irregular pancreas and dilatation of biliary or pancreatic duct as the major changes in acute pancreatitis dogs. Ultrasound was found to be superior to radiography in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and SNAP cPL was found to be effective in confirming only in acute stages of pancreatitis
ABSTRACT
Rumen collapse or rumen void is a syndrome usually observed in cattle affected with other primary diseases. It is a sequelae to other primary diseases due to total anorexia for several days. Recently purchased and calved animals brought into Large Animal Outpatient Medicine Unit, Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, with the history of prolonged anorexia, mastitis and metritis were screened for rumen collapse. A total of 20 cases were included for the study. Animals were subjected to clinical, physical, rectal, haematological and biochemical examination. Anamnesis included were anorexia in all cases, high rise of temperature 15(75%) and high coloured urine 14(70%). An rumen collapsed in case of recently purchased animals were 12(60%). Clinical signs were anemia 18(90%), enlarged lymph node 17(85%), decreased rumen motility 17(85%), decreased or suspended rumination 16(80%). Rectal examination revealed a small sized rumen (rumen collapsed). Rumen fluid examination revealedvery few live protozoa or complete absence of protozoal motility and increased in MBRT (Methylene blue reduction test) time. The haematological examination revealed reduced level of Hb, PCV and RBC level. Biochemical examination revealed reduced level of total protein and other parameters were remain in the normal range. The suggestive of the primary diseases involved were hypocalcaemia, theileriosis, anaplasmosis, mastitis, septic metritis, indigestion and babesiosis. The animals were firstly treated for primary diseases followed by rumen cud transplantation and oral administration of rumenotorics bolus.
ABSTRACT
Pregnancy toxaemia is a metabolic disorder that occurs in does and ewes during the late stage of pregnancy. Pregnant does that have low energy levels and having multiple numbers of fetuses are more susceptible to toxaemia. The present study was carried out in twenty five goats in advanced stage of pregnancy with the history of anorexia, torticolis, grinding of teeth, salivation and rigors. On clinical examination of animals, they were dull, depressed with tachycardia, tachypenia, opisthotonus and pale conjunctival mucous membrane. The biochemical parameters revealed hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia. Urine samples were collected and urine analysis revealed positive for ketone bodies. The goats were successfully treated with 25% dextrose i/v as a bolus, multiple electrolytes solution containing 5% dextrose i/v, glycerin orally and Vitamin B-complex injection intramuscularly and all the twenty five animals survived. Out of 25 animals medical termination of pregnancy was done in 21 cases and four animals delivered a live kid.
ABSTRACT
Pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space due to disruption of the hydrostatic and starling forces which maintain the pressure of pleural cavity. A total of 42 dogs presented to Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital Small Animal Medicine Outpatient Unit with a history of cough and dyspnea were selected. Pleural effusion was diagnosed and classified into cardiac, hepatic and tumour and others group based on physical examination, radiography, electrocardiography, ultrasonography, echocardiography, cytological and biochemical evaluation of pleural fluid. The incidence of pleural effusion was 13.5% of the respiratory cases. Cytology of pleural fluid revealed the presence of lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, RBCs, fibrin and mesothelial cells. Cytology of tumour group revealed mesothelioma (3), adenocarcinoma (1) and lymphoma (1). Cytology of other group revealed the presence of numerous RBCs and a few mesothelial cells in hemothorax and mature and degenerated neutrophils along with the presence of numerous clumps of bacteria and macrophages in pyothorax. Estimation of LDH of pleural effusion and ratio of pleural fluid to serum LDH was effective to classify pleural fluid into transudate, exudate and modified transudate
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to record the incidence, clinical presentation, electrocardiographic, radiographic, laboratory, two dimensional echocardiography, M-mode echocardiography, pulsed wave Doppler and color flow Doppler findings in Labrador Retrievers with Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) for a period of five years from 2013 to 2018. It included 210 healthy dogs and 327 confirmed cases of DCM. The incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy in Labrador Retrievers was found to be 7.49 per cent in the present study. On radiography, cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema were the major findings observed. In echocardiography, increased left ventricular end diastolic dimension and systolic dimension, reduced fraction shortening, increased E-point sepal separation, increased Left atrium (LA) / Aorta (AO) ratio, decreased ejection fraction, increased end diastolic volume and end systolic volume were noticed. On pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography reduced pulmonary artery (PA), Aorta (AO), left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) velocities were recorded. Mild to moderate regurgitation was observed in Mitral and Tricuspid valve by color flow Doppler echocardiography. M-mode derived chamber dimensions, E-point septal separation, ejection fraction, fractional shortening were reliable parameters in diagnosing Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Labrador Retrievers. Pulsed wave Doppler and color flow Doppler were useful in assessing velocity and flow pattern across valves
ABSTRACT
Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is the most common autoimmune disease in dogs. This study was conducted to study the incidence and clinicopathological changes of secondary IMHA, which is having any secondary underlying triggering causes. The anaemic dogs brought with clinical signs such as pale or icteric mucous membranes were screened for IMHA by saline agglutination and spherocyte count and confirmed by flow cytometry. The positive cases were further subjected to haematology, biochemistry, coagulation profile, MAT and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of underlying secondary causes like Babesia spp, Ehrlichia canis and Leptospira spp. (secondary IMHA). Thirty two cases were positive for IMHA, out of which thirteen cases were primary IMHA (17.3 %) and remaining nineteen cases were secondary IMHA (82.7 %) due to underlying causes such as Babesia gibsoni (13), Ehrlichia canis (3) and Leptospira spp. (3) respectively. Highest incidence was observed in Labrador dogs with age group of 2-8 years in male dogs. The most common clinicopathological findings were anaemia with reduced Hb, PCV and RBC, leucocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, thrombocytopenia, elevated PT, BUN, Creatinine, ALT, ALP, hypoalbuminemia and hyperbilirubinaemia